All parts, by layer
130 part categories in 11 layers, from the GPU die to the grid interconnection and the materials behind them. Each part opens its supplier table; a tag marks a part with a sourced supply constraint (see Bottlenecks).
parts130
layers11
companies1,202
placements1,862
constrained or tight11
Compute silicon & packaging
- XPUs
- non-GPU architectures
- includesHyperscaler Arm CPUs
- inference, networking, test
- CoWoS-S/L/R, SoIC, EMIB/Foveros, I-Cube
- emerging
- upstream
- upstream
Memory & storage
- HBM3E, HBM4
- DDR5 RDIMM/MRDIMM, LPDDR5X for Grace
- RCD, DB, MRCD/MDB
- nearline / object tiers
- parallel file systems, object, GPU-direct
Networking & interconnect
- GPU-to-GPU inside the rack/pod
- 400G / 800G / 1.6T
- EML, CW/DFB, VCSEL
- includesDrivers and TIAs
- CPO
- includesRetimers inside AECs
- includesMPO/MTP ferrules and connectors
- campus-to-campus, metro
Servers, racks & integration
- NVL72-class, MI400 Helios-class
- includesRack test
- HGX, Bianca, UBB/OAM
- HDI, backdrilled, 20–40 layers
- includesOSFP/QSFP cages
- includesGaN and SiC
- MLCC, inductors, polymer/tantalum, resistors
- 33 kW-class ORV3 shelves, rack-levelincludesGaN and SiC inside
- air-cooled servers, hybrid trays
- includesEnclosures
Liquid cooling (chip to CDU)
- includesTwo-phase and microfluidic
- CDMs
- UQD / UQDB
- in-rack, in-row, 1–2.5 MW+ facility units
Facility cooling & HVAC
- includesCompressors
- includesFans and motors
- pumps, valves, piping, heat exchangers, tanks
Electrical distribution
- pad-mount, dry-type, cast-resin
- includesTray and supports
- includesIGBT and SiC modules
- GPU load-swing mitigation
- Rubin / Kyber eraincludesSSTs (emerging)
Power generation & supply
- includesHRSGs
- long-dated PPAs
- for onsite generation
Building, site & construction
- the tenants and owners
- self-perform
- includesSteel · Precast · Cement and aggregates · Envelope · Raised floor · Doors and hardware · Site and civil · Equipment and rental
- includesContainerized "AI factories"
Materials & upstream inputs
- busbars, cable, cold plates, transformer windings
- heat sinks, cable, structures
- transformers
- fans, motors, gensets, wind
- optical fiber, T-glass, glass cores
- includesSF6 alternatives
- fabs, lasers, suppression
Software, tools & services
- out of scope for a parts site; listed for completeness
- contextincludesGPU-backed lending