{
 "id": "4.06",
 "slug": "copper-clad-laminate-and-pcb-materials",
 "url": "/parts/servers-racks-and-integration/copper-clad-laminate-and-pcb-materials",
 "name": "Copper-clad laminate & PCB materials",
 "qualifiers": null,
 "layer": {
  "id": 4,
  "name": "Servers, racks & integration"
 },
 "parent_id": null,
 "children": [
  "4.06a",
  "4.06b"
 ],
 "summary": "The laminate — resin, copper foil and glass-cloth reinforcement — that high-layer-count boards (4.05) are fabricated from.",
 "description_md": "This part sits one step upstream of the PCB fabricators (4.05): copper-clad laminate suppliers combine resin systems, copper foil (4.06a) and glass-cloth reinforcement (4.06b) into the sheet material that board makers etch and stack into finished PCBs. Low-loss, low-dielectric-constant resin systems matter specifically for high-speed digital signaling, which is why they show up by name against this part. AI boards' higher layer counts and higher signal speeds push demand toward these low-Dk, low-loss grades rather than commodity FR-4 laminate, and that mix shift matters more to this tier's economics than raw board volume does. For investors, the laminate tier is a materials-science-driven part of the chain: qualification of a new resin or glass-cloth grade for a given board design takes time, so incumbency and long design-in relationships carry real weight, and pricing tends to track the mix shift toward higher-spec grades rather than unit volume alone.",
 "ai_delta": "Higher board layer counts and faster signaling push demand toward low-loss, low-dielectric-constant laminate grades instead of commodity material, shifting the mix even where total board area doesn't grow as fast.",
 "bottleneck_status": null,
 "scale_tiers": [
  "enterprise",
  "hyperscale_building",
  "ai_campus",
  "gw_class"
 ],
 "density_modes": [
  "any"
 ],
 "scale_notes": "an upstream material input present wherever high-layer-count boards are fabricated, independent of the data center's own scale tier.",
 "flow": [
  "compute",
  "power"
 ],
 "companies": [
  {
   "company_id": "doosan",
   "name": "Doosan",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "000150.KS",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "elite-material",
   "name": "Elite Material",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "2383.TW",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "iteq",
   "name": "Iteq",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "6213.TW",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "nanya-plastics",
   "name": "Nanya Plastics",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "1303.TW",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "panasonic",
   "name": "Panasonic",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "6752.T",
   "product_note": "Megtron",
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "rogers",
   "name": "Rogers",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "ROG",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "shengyi",
   "name": "Shengyi",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "600183.SS",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "taiwan-union-tuc",
   "name": "Taiwan Union TUC",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "6274.TWO",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "isola",
   "name": "Isola",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "private",
   "ticker": null,
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  }
 ]
}