{
 "id": "3.12",
 "slug": "dci-coherent-optics-campus-to-campus-metro",
 "url": "/parts/networking-and-interconnect/dci-coherent-optics-campus-to-campus-metro",
 "name": "DCI / coherent optics",
 "qualifiers": "campus-to-campus, metro",
 "layer": {
  "id": 3,
  "name": "Networking & interconnect"
 },
 "parent_id": null,
 "children": [],
 "summary": "Coherent optical systems that carry data center interconnect (DCI) traffic between buildings on a campus or between metro sites, distinct from the shorter-reach optics inside a data hall.",
 "description_md": "DCI and coherent optics extend the network beyond the fiber and connectors of 3.11 that serve a single data hall, linking separate buildings on an AI campus or connecting sites across a metro area. This is a distinct technology from the direct-detect optics used inside a data hall (3.04): coherent transmission encodes more information per wavelength to cover longer distances, and the vendor base for coherent systems overlaps only partly with the vendor base for short-reach transceivers. As AI campuses grow beyond a single building and hyperscalers link multiple sites into one logical training cluster, demand for campus-to-campus and metro-scale coherent capacity grows with them. An investor should watch supplier concentration here separately from the rest of the optics stack, since coherent DCI has historically been a smaller, more specialized market than short-reach data center optics.",
 "ai_delta": "Multi-building AI campuses and multi-site training clusters push more traffic onto campus-to-campus and metro coherent links than single-building data centers required.",
 "bottleneck_status": null,
 "scale_tiers": [
  "ai_campus",
  "gw_class"
 ],
 "density_modes": [
  "any"
 ],
 "scale_notes": "Only relevant once a build spans more than one building or site; largely absent below ai_campus scale.",
 "flow": [
  "data"
 ],
 "companies": [
  {
   "company_id": "adtran",
   "name": "Adtran",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "ADTN",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "ciena",
   "name": "Ciena",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "CIEN",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "cisco",
   "name": "Cisco",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "CSCO",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "coherent",
   "name": "Coherent",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "COHR",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "lumentum",
   "name": "Lumentum",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "LITE",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "marvell",
   "name": "Marvell",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "MRVL",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "nokia",
   "name": "Nokia",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "NOK",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "zte",
   "name": "ZTE",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "public",
   "ticker": "000063.SZ",
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  },
  {
   "company_id": "huawei",
   "name": "Huawei",
   "role": "manufacturer",
   "confidence": "inferred",
   "ownership_type": "private",
   "ticker": null,
   "product_note": null,
   "note": null,
   "source_url": null
  }
 ]
}